Gary Null PhD and Nancy Ashley VMD, MS - All Vaccines Are Dangerous

In one of the most significant and far-reaching vaccine injury cases in recent years, the Supreme Court ruled in February 2011, that persons injured by vaccines are not allowed to sue the manufacturer for damages.¹ Should we be worried by this decision?  We in America believe in vaccines.  We have an image of researchers and scientists working diligently to monitor the safety of vaccines in close cooperation with officials, communities, immunization registries, and health care professionals to ensure that Americans get only the finest, safest products.  We could never imagine that a pharmaceutical company would use anything in a vaccine that they knew was harmful, or that the government would require us to inject a substance into our bodies that could mortgage our long-term health.  Are we being too naïve?  Of all the vaccines we and our children are expected to get, what is the truth about the potential for harm?  In Part III of our original investigative report we will take an in-depth look at the risks involved in childhood and adult vaccines.

The Fallacy of the Safety Study

The CDC, FDA, Public Health Service, American Academy of Pediatrics, and virtually all health care professionals repeat the mantra that vaccines are safe and effective.  We have already demonstrated in Part II of this report that efficacy is a myth:  vaccine manufacturers only prove that a vaccine is able to evoke an antibody response, not that it can prevent an infection.   So let’s start with a couple of little- known facts about vaccine safety studies.  Unlike with pharmaceuticals, vaccine manufacturers are not required to use the cornerstone of medicine:  the gold standard of a double blind, placebo controlled study, the science upon which the entire medical industry has built its consensus.   Instead, they are allowed to compare their vaccine not against a harmless placebo, but against another vaccine which has already been approved through the same dubious method!²  The fallacy of safety in this deceptive maze is that at no time are any of these vaccines actually proven to be safe, only as safe as another vaccine, the safety of which has not been established.  Further, only healthy children and adults are enrolled in safety studies.  Yet, when the vaccines are approved, they are approved for everyone and given to the sickest among us with no idea of the consequences. 

The secret weapon of the vaccine manufacturers is that they are allowed to disregard many adverse effects following vaccine administration in their clinical trials by proclaiming these effects “not judged by the investigators to be related to the vaccine.” In a 1997 study to prove the safety of the combination Haemophilus influenza type b/Hepatitis B vaccine (compared to the Hepatitis B vaccine and HiB in two separate shots), 17 out of 822 healthy infants, or 2%, met defining criteria of a serious adverse experience, including: seizures, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, bronchiolitis, tachypnea, pneumonia, reflux esophagitis, and vitreous hemorrhage (bleeding in the eye), all requiring hospitalization.  Yet none of these events was judged by the investigators to have been caused by the vaccine, resulting in the manufacturer’s claim that the new Hib/Hepatitis B vaccine caused no adverse effects in the safety studies! ³ If you start with a false premise, you reach a false conclusion.  Under this flawed system, all vaccines are always found to be safe according to the safety studies.  Adverse effects are only noted once the vaccine is unleashed onto the general public with our children and ourselves as the guinea pigs.  

1. Hepatitis B:  Is Your Baby a Prostitute or an IV Drug User?

Hepatitis B is a blood-transmitted disease associated with risky lifestyle choices such as unprotected sex with multiple partners and intravenous drug use involving shared needles. It is not at all common in childhood and not highly contagious.  Symptoms of the disease are relatively minor, although fatigue can last up to a year.  95% of patients recover completely, and those who recover have lifelong immunity.  Of those who do not recover fully, fewer than 5% become chronic carriers of the virus, and just one-quarter of these could go on to develop life-threatening liver disease later in life.⁴  The United States has one of the lowest rates of Hepatitis B infection in the world, with only 53 cases in 3.9 million births.⁵  Yet beginning in 1991, we started vaccinating children with this vaccine on day 1 of life, with a dosing schedule that has evolved to three vaccines: birth -2 months, 1-4 months, and 6-18 months. Why do we target this group, which is the most vulnerable to injury and least likely to be at risk?  The CDC’s explanation is that since they haven’t been successful at vaccinating the few high-risk people, they made the decision to vaccinate everyone.   Studies so far, however, have shown the fallacy of this decision because the vaccine loses effectiveness within 10 years, so these efforts at universal vaccination of babies will lead nowhere. ⁶

What are we risking by allowing our children (or ourselves) to be vaccinated with the seemingly superfluous Hepatitis B vaccine?  This vaccine is the most neurotoxic of all the vaccines so far.⁷ A search of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) reports shows adverse effects including:  sudden death, seizures, brain hemorrhage, meningitis, brain damage, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, autism, transverse myelitis, polyneuropathy, multiple sclerosis, intussusception, respiratory arrest, paralysis, shock, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. ⁸ The Engerix B (GlaxoSmithKline) vaccine in particular has been linked to the risk of multiple sclerosis in the longer term.⁹ 

In testimony before Congress in 1999, Dr. Jane Orient read a statement on behalf of the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons in which she stated: "For most children, the risk of a serious vaccine reaction may be 100 times greater than the risk of hepatitis B." ¹⁰ Following this hearing, and a damning expose on ABC’s 20/20, the vaccine requirement was amended in 1999 to start at age 2 months.¹¹ Unfortunately, the CDC reversed itself again in 2002, and went back to recommending the vaccine to newborns.¹²

In France, GlaxoSmithKline and Sanofi Pasteur were investigated by French authorities for failing to disclose adverse effects beginning in 1994 until the vaccine was pulled from the French market in 1998.  Sanofi Pasteur was further charged with manslaughter for the multiple sclerosis death of a woman who had received the vaccine. ¹³ While the vaccine Hepatitis B vaccine was eventually reinstated in France, it is not required as of this writing.   In the US, the Vaccine Court (United States Court of Federal Claims) in January 2009, ruled that the death of a 37-year old woman who received two doses of the Hepatitis B vaccine and subsequently developed multiple sclerosis was in fact caused by the vaccine.¹⁴ Unlike in France, however, no one was held responsible or charged with manslaughter.

As if all of this weren’t bad enough, there is evidence that widespread use of this vaccine has been linked to large rises in Type 1, insulin-dependent, diabetes.¹⁵

This worthless vaccine is an unnecessary affront to the well-being of infants, and only benefits those who sell vaccines.  The immunity wears off before a child is old enough to have sex or engage in intravenous drug use. 

1. Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (Hib):  Chasing a Mythical Villain

Despite the misleading name, Haemophilus influenzae  type B is not a type of flu, although until the 1930s it was falsely thought to be responsible for influenza.  Instead, Haemophilus influenzae type B has been implicated in causing bacterial meningitis in babies.  It is one of six Haemophilus strains of encapsulated, gram negative bacteria commonly found to reside in the upper respiratory tract of most individuals without causing disease.  Highly adapted to its human host, H. influenzae is present in the nasopharynx of approximately 75 percent of healthy children and adults.¹²  The incidence of fatality from bacterial meningitis began a dramatic decline starting in the late 1930s until it reached a plateau in the 1950s. 

There are three Haemophilus influenzae vaccines currently on the market, all conjugated with another protein to enhance immunogenicity:  Acthib by Sanofi Pasteur, and Hiberix by GSK, conjugated with tetanus toxoid, while PedvaxHIB by Merck is conjugated with a strain of the Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.  According to the New England Journal of Medicine, following the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) conjugate vaccines in the early 1990’s, the rate of bacterial meningitis declined by 55% in the United States. ¹⁶ (Interestingly, this article completely omits reference to the original H. influenzae vaccine, licensed in 1985 and no longer in use.)  Before we start touting Hib as a great vaccine success story, however, we must provide some context. Disease attributed to H. influenzae type B, like pneumococcal disease and meningococcal disease, but unlike all of the other diseases we vaccinate for, is not defined by symptoms.  Rather, H. influenzae is diagnosed based on isolation of the bacterium in blood or cerebrospinal fluid in the face of a wide variety of symptoms, including:  meningitis, epiglottitis, septicemia, pneumonia, cellulitis, arthritis, middle ear infections, respiratory infections, and osteomyelitis.   Other bacteria, as well as viruses, cause these very same symptoms, so the fact that less H. influenzae is being identified on lab tests since the vaccine came into use is not the same as a reduction in the incidence of bacterial meningitis.  In fact, there is great concern that as the levels of H. influenzae are declining, other types are replacing it, especially the so-called non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis , and gram positive bacteria such as pneumococcus.¹⁷  A recent study by the CDC itself noted that there has been a significant increase in the incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae in adults over age 65, accompanied by an increase in mortality in this age group.¹⁸ So it appears that by vaccinating against certain bacteria, all we are doing is releasing more and more types of pathogens capable of causing bacterial meningitis as we change the demographics of disease yet again.

How safe is the vaccine itself?  Not very.  A look at the VAERS report shows the following serious adverse effects:  seizures, respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, sudden death, apnea, choking, pulmonary congestion, fever, pericardial effusion, meningitis, transverse myelopathy, and Guillain-Barre syndrome.  The Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine is also one of the vaccines linked to the post-mortem diagnosis of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), since a notable percentage of SIDS deaths seem to occur following this vaccine (621 from 1991 through 2010).¹⁹ In March of this year, Japanese authorities recalled ActHIB (and Prevnar, see pneumococcal disease) after 5 children died following vaccination.²⁰

Rarely discussed in the media is the fact that the Haemophilus influenza type B vaccine has also been shown to increase the likelihood of development of Type I, or insulin-dependent diabetes.  Beginning in the late 1990’s researchers began to notice sharp rises in type I diabetes after the introduction of this vaccine.²¹ 

1. Polio Vaccine – Stealth Cancer

One of the early vaccines that most all Baby Boomers received, the polio vaccine was developed by two competing researchers in the 1950’s.   Dr. Jonas Salk developed a killed intramuscular vaccine, and Dr. Albert Sabin developed a live-attenuated oral vaccine.  Although approved on April 25, 1955, the original Salk vaccine immediately induced 96 cases of polio and had to be recalled a mere two days later on April 27th (the so-called Cutter incident).²²  After reformulation, it was reintroduced in the fall of 1955.  Once available in 1961, the Sabin vaccine quickly became dominant for years, even though it too had the capacity to cause polio.  While acknowledging that by 1979, all cases of polio in the US were caused by the oral polio vaccine – referred to as VAPP or vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis -- the CDC made no attempts to change the 3-dose recommendation of the oral polio vaccine (OPV) for all children!  The justification for this inaction, unbelievable as it sounds, was that it was worth the sacrifice of a few to maintain immunity for the many.  Authorities favored the OPV because it caused those vaccinated to shed live virus for up to three weeks, ensuring passive, unasked for, immunization to the masses.  Unfortunately, this viral shedding also caused collateral damage in unsuspecting caregivers with poor immunity who contracted polio from changing their baby’s diapers.²³  It took a strong, well-organized campaign launched by one of the parents of a child who contracted VAPP to force the ACIP to change the recommendation away from the oral polio vaccine.  In a slow, protracted manner, the OPV was first reduced to two doses from three in 1996, and in 2000 it was finally, reluctantly, eliminated. 

So where are we now?  Inactivated polio vaccine carries with it similar adverse effects as most of the other vaccines, including:  death, seizures, fever, rash, protracted vomiting, respiratory distress, respiratory arrest, and cyanosis.  Although it does not appear to cause paralytic polio, there is evidence that the rate of death and adverse effects from the inactivated polio vaccine is greater than with OPV.²⁴ 

More troubling, however, is that polio vaccines are distinguished from the other vaccines currently in use by the fact that they were developed using monkey kidney cells as a growth medium and all the early polio vaccines were contaminated with Simian Virus 40 (SV 40).  SV 40 is so carcinogenic that it is used in laboratories to induce cancer.  The question is then:  did widespread vaccination with SV40-contaminated vaccine in the 1950’s and 1960’s play a role in the exponential increase of cancer in the US?  Extensively studied over the years since the contamination was discovered, SV 40 has been isolated in many types of cancer, especially brain tumors, bone cancer, non-Hodgkin’s  lymphoma, and malignant mesothelioma – a cancer usually associated with asbestos.²⁵  The collaborative Perinatal Project, a cohort study designed to evaluate risk factors for childhood neurodevelopmental disorders from 1959-1966, found that children of mothers vaccinated with SV 40 contaminated vaccine while pregnant had a significantly higher incidence of neural tumors and hematological malignancies.²⁶ Although the current polio vaccine no longer contains SV 40, it continues to be made from a line of monkey kidney cells -- which carry the risk of other simian viruses -- and calf serum, which carries the risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease.  In 2000, potential contamination of the vaccine with mad cow disease led to a massive recall of the polio vaccine in the UK after many recipients of the vaccine came down with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease – a human form of mad cow disease.  Despite laws created in 1989 requiring that material from BSE cows be removed, the British government took no action until it was undeniable that people were being harmed. ²⁷ At this same time, the polio vaccine was made in the US using bovine materials from countries reporting BSE, but there was no similar recall in the US, and the issue has never been addressed in this country.   

With the polio virus at such a low level in most developed countries is it rational to continue vaccinating children with something that could do them harm?  Occasionally logic prevails elsewhere in the world, as in Belgium, where on March 16, 2011, a court ruled in favor of individual rights when it rescinded Belgium’s mandatory polio vaccine law.  Two sets of parents had been fined $8,000 and sentenced to prison in 2008 for refusing to vaccinate their children with the polio vaccine.  One vindicated parent said her reason for refusal was that the doctors could not give her a guarantee that her son would not suffer adverse effects, especially knowing that the vaccine contained formaldehyde.  The other outcome of the trial is that physicians in Belgium now have a legal and professional obligation to inform parents of potential vaccine risks.²⁸ If only this were true in the United States!

1. DTaP:  What if the Vaccine is More Dangerous than the Diseases?

“When my son was set to begin his routine vaccination at age 2 months, I didn’t know there were any risks associated with immunizations.  But the clinic’s flyer contained a contradiction:  my child’s chances of a serious adverse reaction to the DPT vaccine were one in 1750, while his chances of dying from pertussis were one in several million.”²⁹  

A vaccine with a checkered past, the Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT), licensed in 1949, was the first one to combine more than one virus strain in the same vaccine.  In Britain, the National Childhood Encephalopathy Study was set up in 1976, after reports questioning the safety of the pertussis vaccine led to a serious loss of confidence in the immunization program and a steep decrease in acceptance rates for the vaccine.³⁰ There were enough adverse reactions in the US finally to prompt a 1978-79 study financed by the FDA, and conducted at UCLA. Early in the study, adverse reactions were 5000% higher than expected:  instead of an expected incidence of generalized seizures in 1 in 15,000 immunizations, there were 1 in 300!³¹  All the reactions occurred in infants under 6 months old, and there were two deaths.  The study was ended early, ostensibly because of a lack of funds, but more likely because the results weren’t what they were expecting.

Most experts agreed that it was the whole cell pertussis type of the vaccine that caused the worst problems. Bordetella pertussis is a bacterium that produces two powerful toxins which cause severe symptoms in whooping cough.  In order to induce antibodies to be created, not just the bacteria, but also the active endotoxin and pertussis toxin are included in whole cell vaccine, rendering it inherently unsafe. While the technology to create an acellular vaccine without pertussis toxin existed, manufacturers did not want to use it because of the increased expense.  We must keep in mind that when vaccine manufacturers talk about the high cost of safer vaccines they are not concerned about our inability to pay – on the contrary they are concerned that an increase in production costs would eat into their profits!  Although some companies started developing an acellular pertussis vaccine, (and in fact, Eli Lilly marketed it in their DTP from 1962-1977, until the company stopped manufacture of biologicals altogether in 1975), these efforts did not progress due to the pressure companies felt to explain why if there were a safer alternative, they continued to produce a dangerous vaccines.³²  In 1979 a critical event occurred in Tennessee after a lot of DPT vaccine caused the death of 4 infants within 24 hours of receiving the vaccine.  96,105 doses of the lot were given before the state withdrew it from use, and the second-in-command of the FDA vaccine section ordered the entire lot removed from all shelves.  When the first-in-command at the FDA returned, he insisted that the vaccine be put back into use and issued an apology to the companies involved!  For anyone who was paying attention, the priorities were clear:  putting children’s lives at risk is not nearly as important as preserving profits. The companies then took further action to protect themselves against recalls by arranging to distribute vaccines so that no more than 2,500 vials from a specific lot would go to any municipality, making it harder to identify a so-called “hot lot” of vaccines.³³ So it was a learning experience for the manufacturers, but unfortunately the American people were asleep at the switch.

Successful lawsuits beginning in the 1960s, and a 1982 television documentary “DPT: Vaccine Roulette” gradually set off a groundswell of concern, so by 1985, 219 lawsuits had been filed in US courts alleging harm to children from whole-cell pertussis DPT vaccine.  Even the Institute of Medicine (IOM) as early as 1991 published a report which found evidence consistent with a causal relation between DPT vaccine and acute encephalopathy.³⁴  By 1994 the IOM went even further, suggesting a link between the DPT vaccine and chronic brain dysfunction or death.³⁵ Ultimately, the manufacturers all quietly converted to an acellular pertussis vaccine, which became the only type available in 2001, following decades of attempts to get whole-cell pertussis off the market.   

The result of large-scale litigation against the DPT vaccine and the formation of the advocacy group Dissatisfied Parents Together ultimately led to the 1986 National Vaccine Injury Act and the Vaccine Injury Compensation program, which is still in place today.  Although this program was set up by Congress ostensibly to compensate families of children who had been killed or permanently injured from vaccines, it ironically has evolved into an adversarial system which protects manufacturers from liability yet pays very few of the claims presented.  Over the years the Health and Human Services Department (HHS) unilaterally reduced the original compensation table of injuries -- which for example no longer includes seizures -- and abolished the six month time limit for claim adjudication.  A surcharge is paid by all of us who receive any vaccine and the fund for compensation is estimated now to be in the billions of dollars.  What are they doing with the money if they aren’t using it to compensate claims?³⁶   

So after all of this effort to protect children against a dangerous DPT vaccine, how safe is the current DTaP ?    Sanofi Pasteur lists the following adverse effects for itsTripedia vaccine: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, SIDS, anaphylactic reaction, cellulitis, autism, convulsion/grand mal convulsion, encephalopathy, hypotonia, neuropathy, somnolence, apnea, brachial neuritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and demyelinating disease. In the package insert for Sanofi’s other DTaP product, Daptacel, they report the same adverse reactions as with Tripedia, plus death, pneumonia, meningitis, pertussis, sepsis, and unresponsiveness.³⁷  

But we still need to give the vaccine to protect against these 3 deadly diseases, right?  Maybe not. There has not been a reported case of diphtheria in the US since 2003.  From 2001 through 2008  (7 years) there were a minuscule 233 cases of tetanus, and only 26 of these were fatal, despite the often quoted statistic that tetanus is 100% fatal.   A person can still get tetanus even if vaccinated, and proper wound hygiene, as always, is the best defense.³⁸ Pertussis rates, while relatively small, are increasing with vaccination because, as we saw in Part II of this report, the vaccine actually causes whooping cough!  Despite the hype from health officials and the manufacturers, a child is far more likely to get sick or die from the DtaP vaccine than from diphtheria, pertussis, or tetanus. 
 
 

1. Pneumococcal Disease – All We Are Doing is Making the Problem Worse

Pneumococcal disease causes bacterial meningitis, as well as otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia and general malaise.  Streptococcus pneumonia, the causative agent of pneumococcal disease, is a gram positive bacterium that has become more prominent as a disease vector in babies since the advent of the Hib vaccine in the early 1990s.  Whereas prior to vaccination against meningitis the incidence of gram negative and gram positive bacteria was in balance, the Hib vaccine, by targeting gram negatives, caused a surge in the incidence of gram positive infections³⁹ with the predictable response:  another new vaccine.

As with Hib, most children and adults harbor pneumoccocal organisms in their noses and throats usually without any adverse effects.  Over-use of antibiotics during the past quarter century, however, has caused at least 7 strains of the pneumococcal organism to mutate into antibiotic resistant forms.  Still, are these resistant forms usually a cause for a concern in healthy individuals?  Prior to the development of a pneumococcal vaccine, the American Academy of Pediatrics stated that children who are at risk of pneumococcal infections are those with specific predisposing factors, such as:  immunoglobulin deficiency, Hodgkin’s disease, congenital or acquired immunodeficiency (including HIV), nephrotic syndrome, some viral upper respiratory tract infections, splenic dysfunction, splenectomy and organ transplantation."⁴⁰ Most healthy children do not have these risk factors.

There are two types of pneumococcal vaccine — pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The first pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for adults over age 65, Pneumovax by Merck, contained 14 serotypes and was licensed in the United States in 1977. By 1983, an improved pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was licensed, containing purified protein from 23 types of pneumococcal bacteria. Adverse effects reported for Pneumovax23 include: lymphadenitis, lymphadenopathy, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, leukocytosis, anaphylaxis, angioedema, arthralgia, arthritis, myalgia, paraesthesia, radiculoneuropathy, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, febrile convulsions, increased C-reactive protein, and cellulitis.⁴¹

Prevnar, the first heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (which is conjugated with diphtheria protein), was licensed in early 2000, and approved for children.  Heralded as highly efficacious, Prevnar was reported to have caused a reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease from 188 per 100,000 children younger than 2 years in 2000, to 36 per 100,000 in 2005.  But what does this really mean?  Invasive pneumococcal disease is simply any of a number of diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.  Exactly as with Haemophilus influenza type B, the reduction in S. pneumoniae-caused disease did not result in an overall reduction in bacterial meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, or any other of the related illnesses.  The only result of the vaccine is that other bacteria, viruses, and fungi have stepped up to take the place of invasive pneumococcal disease, with no net reduction of illness. Pneumococcal disease itself has started to increase with additional serotypes coming to the fore, and since 2010 there is a new pneumococcal vaccine – Prevnar 13, with 6 more strains than the previous Prevnar 7.  The experts caution that “pneumococcal serotype replacement” occurs in a subpopulation of highly vaccinated children, causing increased rates of invasive disease.⁴² A major risk of this vaccine is that reducing the level of commensal S. pneumoniae in children alters the natural balance, and the pathogens that replace it will cause even worse disease.  In 2010, the new pneumococcal conjugate vaccine product, PCV13, was licensed for use in the routine vaccination of children beginning as young as 6 weeks, which is likely to exacerbate the problem of serotype replacement even more.⁴³

What about other adverse effects of the vaccine?  Death, SIDS, coma, hydrocephalus, hemorrhage, pulmonary congestion, interstitial lung disease, sepsis, cardiac arrest, apnea, fever, brain edema, pulmonary edema, petechiae, plural effusion, and bacterial infection.⁴⁴  In November 2009, Dutch authorities suspended a batch of Prevnar after 3 infants died within two weeks of getting the vaccine.  In March of 2011, Japanese authorities recalled Prevnar (and ActHIB, see Haemophilus Influenzae type B) after 5 children died following vaccination .⁴⁵ 

1. Rotavirus – Why do We Risk the Lives of American Children to Vaccinate Them Against a Third World Disease?

Rotavirus is a contagious virus which is a common cause of diarrhea among children worldwide.  There are several different strains of rotavirus and it is estimated that all children get repeat infections with different strains in their first few years of life.  The CDC estimates that by age 3, every child in the US has had a case of rotavirus.  The disease does not confer lifelong immunity after the first episode due to the many strains, but does after a few infections.  Normally, rotavirus does not require special treatment aside from rest and fluids.   In areas where sanitation, access to clean water, and medical care are limited, however, rotavirus can be fatal.⁴⁶

The first rotavirus vaccine, RotaShield by Wyeth-Ayerst, was introduced in June 1998, despite the extremely low morbidity and mortality associated with rotavirus in the US.  In an unusual move, the vaccine went directly from approval to being mandated for infants in a 2 or 3 dose schedule.  Serious adverse effects from the vaccine occurred almost immediately, most specifically intussusception – a condition in which one section of the bowel telescopes into another, causing a cutoff of blood flow and intestinal blockage.  This condition is rapidly fatal without emergency surgery.  After multiple reports of such incidents, the CDC was forced to withdraw its recommendation for the vaccine, which Wyeth subsequently removed from the market in July 1999.⁴⁷ This fiasco triggered a Congressional investigation which found serious conflicts of interest in the bringing of this vaccine to market.⁴⁸

Unfortunately, this experience did not end the recommendation that infants be vaccinated with the Rotavirus vaccine.   There are currently two vaccines against rotavirus, Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline) and RotaTeq (Merck).  Both vaccines are live-attenuated oral vaccines, and both are also linked to an increased risk of intussusception, although less than with RotaShield.⁴⁹ Other serious adverse effects reported to the Vaccine Adverse Effects Reporting System include:  fever, anaphylaxis, shock, sepsis, seizures, respiratory distress, pneumonia, apnea, cyanosis, ataxia, and death.⁵⁰

On March 22, 2010, the FDA recommended that healthcare practitioners not give the Rotarix vaccine because an independent research team found it to be contaminated with DNA from porcine circovirus (PCV1).⁵¹ The FDA initially recommended that practitioners use the RotaTeq vaccine instead, but then found that RotaTeq was contaminated not only with PCV1, but PCV2 as well. Although at first glance it seems surprising that not one but both rotavirus vaccines would be contaminated with a virus that occurs in pigs, in fact both vaccines use trypsin as part of the manufacturing process, which is taken from the pancreas of pigs.

Instead of also recommending a ban against the RotaTeq vaccine, the FDA convened a meeting of an advisory panel to discuss the findings.  Because there was no evidence that these viruses cause illness in people, even though there likewise was no evidence that they do not, and because it would take a lot of time and expense to rid the vaccines of the porcine viruses, the committee decided to allow both vaccines to stay on the market!  This is called cost benefit ratio. Various members of the advisory panel expressed apprehension about PCV2, a contaminant in RotaTeq, because it causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in piglets.⁵²   But instead of erring on the side of caution, the FDA decided yet again to do a large scale real life experiment and see what happens as children all over the world continue to receive the rotavirus vaccines. 

1. Hepatitis A:  A Disease That’s Easy to Avoid and Goes Away on its Own

Hepatitis A causes inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the liver from the hepatitis A virus.  It is the least serious and mildest of the three viral hepatitis diseases (Hepatitis A, B, and C), and does not become chronic.   Hepatitis A is transmitted through the fecal-oral route and thus can be avoided through proper hygiene, food preparation, and sanitation.  Only about 3,600 cases of hepatitis A are reported each year. Over 85% of people with hepatitis A recover within 3 months, and virtually all within 6 months. Recovery from infection confers lifelong immunity to Hepatitis A.⁵³

Hepatitis A is rarely fatal:  a 2009 report from the CDC shows that no deaths from Hepatitis A have been reported in the past 10 years.⁵⁴ Yet, the vaccine manufacturers responded to this remote and comparatively mild virus by introducing a vaccine in 1995 – given in two doses starting at age 12 months -- which unfortunately is not so innocuous.  According to VAERS, between 2001 and 2010 there were 980 adverse events reported following vaccination with the Hepatitis A vaccine, including 43 deaths!⁵⁵

The most common serious adverse events reported both by the manufacturer’s prelicensure clinical trials and to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) include many which are life threatening or cause permanent damage:  seizures, death, anaphylaxis, high fever, bleeding, difficulty breathing, choking, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, liver failure, brain swelling, anemia, neutropenia, encephalitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, brachial plexus neuropathy, cyanosis, encephalomyelitis, vomiting, transverse myelitis, and sepsis.⁵⁶ Given the choice, it seems safer and more prudent not to get the vaccine.  

8. MMR:  How Can it be That the Only Thing They Know for Certain is Vaccines Didn’t Cause the Damage? 

One can’t mention the adverse effects of the MMR vaccine without addressing the most controversial issue of all – is this vaccine linked to autism?  A brief history of autism shows that prior to 1990, autism was a rare occurrence.  Not only did the incidence of autism skyrocket coincident with the introduction of the MMR vaccine in the 1980s, but many parents witnessed their previously normal child suddenly regress and become unable to achieve developmental milestones upon vaccination.  The authorities have claimed for more than a decade that this is a “coincidence,” or the result of improved diagnostic criteria.   Shockingly, whether or not there is in fact an increase in the incidence of autism is still being debated in the official scientific literature!  At the center of the controversy, Dr. Andrew Wakefield, a British GI specialist and researcher, published the results of a meticulous study which showed that there was a causative link in 8 children between a certain type of GI disease initiated by the MMR vaccine and autism, only to have his career crushed.  Initially published in the prestigious journal The Lancet in 1998, Wakefield’s study was later retracted, he was barred from practicing medicine in the UK, and he was declared to have committed fraud.  Why such a harsh and overly punitive response?⁵⁷ 

A lot was at stake.  In 1986, SmithKline Beecham created a trivalent MMR vaccine using a strain of mumps virus, Urabe AM 9, which causes meningitis when given in combination with measles and rubella, although not when given as a single vaccine.  Clinical trials were limited to 21 days, while the incubation period for the onset of symptoms was 19 – 26 days, so the safety studies gave a false picture of safety to this dangerous vaccine.  Originally approved in Canada in 1986, it was taken off the market there two years later due to a 100-fold increase in the predicted rate of aseptic meningitis.  Because it was one-quarter of the price of the competing MMRII by Merck, officials were anxious to license it for use in the UK.  SKB expressed reservations because of all the problems with the vaccine elsewhere, so the British Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunization (JCVI) offered SKB complete indemnity against damages.  Further, the JCVI approved this MMR without clinical trialsbased on favorable outcomes in the US and Finland, when these countries had never used the SKB MMR vaccine!  Despite all the hard work to keep this cheap and profitable vaccine on the market, the JCVI finally threw in the towel in September 1992, and quietly withdrew the vaccine over a weekend, four years after its release.⁵⁸

Wakefield’s study threatened to reveal this blatant act of deception:  British authorities had approved a high risk vaccine on the basis of irrelevant safety data and inadequate safety studies using short cuts which bypassed the necessary clinical trials.  They approved it contrary to expert advice from the catastrophic Canadian experience, they failed to warn anyone about the actual risks of meningitis, and there was no plan in place for post-marketing surveillance.   Wakefield convincingly connected the results of the JCVI’s actions – the MMR vaccine – to its crippling effects on 8 children who presented to him with intractable GI disease and autism.  So of course, he had to be destroyed to protect the reputation of the entire British medical establishment and save them from having to pay out claims for damages caused by a vaccine which they approved with malice aforethought.

Rarely, if ever, discussed in the scientific literature is the issue of viral interference.  As Dr. Wakefield discovered in his research, the Urabe strain of the mumps virus did not cause crippling aseptic meningitis when given alone, but when combined with measles and rubella, it did, in addition to inducing the measles virus to cause extreme gastrointestinal symptoms.⁵⁹ Our current policy of vaccination worldwide involves not just polyvalent vaccines such as the MMR or the DTaP, but also causes children to get up to 9 vaccines at the same time.  This does two things:  it greatly increases the chance of viral interference leading both to serious adverse reactions and weakening of the immune system, but it also hides the effects of each individual vaccine.  If many vaccines are given at once it is impossible to sort out which one might have been the causative factor in an adverse reaction.  This is one more way in which vaccine manufacturers can claim that any serious outcome to a vaccine is “coincidence.”

The Urabe strain in no longer used in any of the MMR vaccines on the market, but are there still adverse events connected to the vaccine?  Merck’s MMRII is a live vaccine – not attenuated – which contains strains of measles, mumps, and rubella virus.  The fact that these viruses are live means that they can cause disease.  The company’s product information cautions against pregnant women receiving the vaccine and recommends not becoming pregnant 3 months after receiving the vaccine due to the rubella portion.  It does not, however, explain what will happen in the case of pregnancy.⁶⁰ 

Among the many adverse reactions Merck lists on the product information sheet are the following:  atypical measles, fever, syncope, dizziness, vasculitis, pancreatitis, diabetes, thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis, edema, bronchial spasm, arthritis, arthralgia (including the specific warning: “postpubertal females should be informed of thefrequent occurrence of generally self-limited arthralgia and/or arthritis beginning 2 to 4 weeks after vaccination”), myalgia, chronic arthritis, encephalitis, encephalopathy, measles inclusion body encephalitis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, febrile convulsions, seizures, ataxia, polyneuritis, deafness, and death.⁶¹ 

As we saw in Part II of this report, outbreaks of measles and mumps regularly occur in fully vaccinated populations.  Yet health care providers pressure women into vaccinating their children with the MMR vaccine primarily because measles is a killer.  Even if we don’t care to read the scientific literature or study the statistics, why are our collective memories so short that we find this plausible?  Many, if not most of us, over age 45 had measles as children, as did our friends and relatives:  if measles is such a killer, why didn’t we die?  Furthermore, what those of us who had measles as children don’t have is permanent disability or autism while what we do have is lifelong immunity against measles! 

9. Varicella:  Wouldn’t it be Easier Just to Let Your Child Get the Chicken Pox?

Chicken Pox, caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV) – one of 8 herpes viruses affecting humans -- has always been a mild disease which caused a rash, some discomfort, a few days off from school, and lifelong immunity.  But in 1995, Merck licensed Varivax, a live virus vaccine against chicken pox.  Between March 1995 and July 1998, the federal Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) received 6, 574 reports of health problems after chickenpox vaccination. That translates into 67.5 adverse events per 100,000 doses of vaccine or one in 1,481 vaccinations. About four percent of cases (about 1 in 33,000 doses) were serious, including shock, encephalitis, thrombocytopenia (blood disorder) and 14 deaths. The VAERS data has led to the addition of 17 adverse events to the manufacturer's product label since the vaccine was licensed in 1995, including secondary bacterial infections (cellulitis), secondary transmission of vaccine virus infection to close contacts, transverse myelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and herpes zoster (shingles). There have been documented cases of transmission of vaccine virus from a vaccinated child to household contacts, including a pregnant woman. A study in 2002 confirmed that while adults exposed to natural chickenpox disease were protected from developing shingles, there is concern that mass vaccination against chicken pox may cause a future epidemic of shingles, affecting more than 50 percent of Americans aged 10 to 44 years.⁶²

So now, 16 years after all schoolchildren started receiving the Varivax vaccine, where are we?  There have been frequent outbreaks of chicken pox in fully vaccinated communities, as vaccine-induced immunity appears to wane significantly.  Children vaccinated at age 12 months and again at 4-6 years are regularly getting chicken pox five years later.⁶³   Shingles, formerly a disease of adults caused by herpes zoster, is now found in children.  In a 2009 study, a shocking 63% increase in shingles occurred in 10 -19 year olds.⁶⁴ The result?  More boosters are now recommended for both chicken pox and shingles! 

10. Meningococcal Disease – Another Bacterial Meningitis Best Left Alone

Meningococcal disease is a gram negative bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitides, a common commensal organism carried in the nasopharynx by up to 20% of healthy adults.  N. meningitides is another of the common bacteria which in some individuals can lead to bacterial meningitis or septicemia.  Highly diverse, N. meningitides containing 13 serogroups, 20 serotypes, and 13 immunotypes, the majority of which are not pathogenic.   Infections are caused by 5 serogroups: A, B, C, Y, and W135, and even these are not highly contagious: an infected person can transmit the disease by coughing or sneezing directly into the face of others, kissing a person on the mouth, or sharing a glass or cup. Historically, meningococcal disease was an uncommon disease of babies and young children. The majority of people in the US are not susceptible to meningococcal disease because they have had prior exposure and have become immune.⁶⁵

The demographics of N. meningitides have changed greatly over the years, thanks to the intervention of vaccine-makers.  Prior to the 1990’s, outbreaks of meningococcal disease were rare and usually occurred in infants.  However, since the introduction of the first meningitis vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in 1991, N. meningitidis has become the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults in the United States.  Now outbreaks are most commonly found in teenagers and military recruits who received the Haemophilus influenza vaccine as children and are housed in crowded living conditions.⁶⁶ Yet even despite the increase, meningococcal disease is still rare, with 1,000 to 2,600 cases occurring annually in the US.⁶⁷ 

The first vaccines against meningococcal disease were licensed in 1978 but used in the armed forces.  Menactra , a conjugated vaccine by Sanofi Pasteur, was licensed for general use in 2005, when the incidence of meningitis was still at a nadir of 0.35 cases/100,000 according to the CDC. It was recommended for children 11-18 years of age, and approved for ages 2 – 55.  The vaccine is quatravalent, containing serotypes A, C, Y, and W135.  It does not, however, contain serotype B, which in the US is thepredominant agent causing meningococcal disease. ⁶⁸

How risky is the meningococcal vaccine?  To begin with, the vaccine itself --because it does not provide protection against the most common pathogenic serotype at the same time as it diminishes the more benign strains of N. meningitides -- has actually caused an increase in the rates of invasive disease since 2005. We now find outbreaks of disease in teenagers at college when 20 years ago this was unheard of.  Instead of acknowledging that the three types of meningitis vaccines are hurting us, however, the powers that be are busy developing yet more meningitis vaccines to target the new at risk groups which keep emerging.⁶⁹ As of April 22, 2011, the FDA approved Menactra for children as young as 9 months, which as we see from recent history, is likely to exacerbate the problem even more.⁷⁰

Menactra, like the vaccines against the other 2 types of bacterial meningitis, is a conjugate vaccine, which is a type that is created by joining an antigen to a protein molecule. Conjugated vaccines are usually used to immunize babies and children against certain bacterial infections. The immature immune systems of very young people often have difficulty recognizing certain antigens, so ordinary vaccines may not be effective for some diseases. The protein part of a conjugate vaccine acts as a carrier for the antigen, and serves to magnify the immunological response to it.  In this case, the protein used for conjugation is the diphtheria toxoid vaccine which has been inactivated.

The Menactra clinical trials consisted of comparing Menactra to Menomune, Sanofi’s other menincococcal vaccine, in about 7,600 individuals aged 11-55 years.  Serious adverse reactions following Menactra include:  anaphylaxis, difficulty breathing, upper airway swelling, hypotension, wheezing, erythema, pruritus, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, paraesthesia, vasovagal syncope, dizziness, convulsion, facial palsy, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, transverse myelitis, and myalgia. Two deaths were reported to VAERS after receipt of Menactra.⁷¹

After five cases of Guillain-Barre Syndrome following Menactra were reported to VAERS in 2005, the FDA actually issued a warning for parents and doctors to monitor vaccine recipients for signs of Guillain-Barre Syndrome. By October 2006, 15 cases of Guillain-Barre Syndrome had been reported.⁷² While federal health officials suggested the possibility of “a small increased risk of Guillain-Barre Syndrome” following receipt of Menactra, the implication was that most of the Guillain-Barre Syndrome cases occurring after Menactra were unrelated to the vaccine.   Even though officially discounting a connection, Sanofi’s package insert warns sufferers of Guillain-Barre Syndrome not to get the vaccine.

Sanofi’s original menococcal vaccine is a quatravalent polysaccharide version called Menomune, which is theoretically safer in immunocompromised people, does not carry the same risk of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, and can be used in people over 65. The polysaccharide version is said to cause less reduction of bacterial carriage in the nose and throat, have a shorter duration of immunity, and worse immunologic memory, so is not recommended in most cases.  Perhaps because this vaccine was developed in the 1970’s, or because it isn’t commonly used, its package insert reflects unique concerns from all the other vaccines in three ways:  it recommends not getting the vaccine while ill, not getting the vaccine if the patient has had whole cell pertussis or whole cell typhoid within the last four weeks, and most significantly, recommends calling the doctor if the patient doesn’t feel well after the vaccine!⁷³   So the package insert admits that the vaccine is not safe and should not be used by people who are ill.

11. HPV:  If They Admitted You Had a 99.2% Chance of Never Getting Cervical Cancer,       Would You Get this Vaccine?

To recap from Part I of our report on vaccines, Gardasil, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine brought to market by Merck in 2006, is not a cancer vaccine, although this is how it is being sold to the American public.   The vaccine was designed to prevent only four types of the human papillomavirus, two of which cause genital warts (and thus do not progress to cancer at all), and two other types – virus strains 16 and 18 – which can cause up to 70% of cervical cancer if not caught in time by a pap smear and treated.  What is not stated by Merck is that the vaccine won’t protect against 30% of cervical cancer.  It is important to bear in mind that there are over 15 different types of HPVs that can lead to cancer – Gardasil protects against a measly two of these.  This is one way in which it is still possible to get cervical cancer even with the vaccine. ⁷⁴

The other way is that, unbeknownst to most parents, if a girl already has HPV 16 or 18, the vaccine is entirely ineffective.  Merck knows this, but does not advertise this piece of information and has even come out against testing for HPV prior to vaccination.  In fact, the only way to test for the presence of HPV is through a vaginal swab, which is inappropriate for young girls.  Additionally, while HPV is thought of as an exclusively sexually transmitted virus, it is found on skin -- both girls and women have tested positive for HPV without ever having had sexual intercourse.⁷⁵

Cervical cancer deaths have decreased drastically in the past several decades.  The American Cancer Society estimates that deaths from cervical cancer declined 74% between 1955 and 1992, and the rate continues to decrease by about 4% each year.⁷⁶  This does not reflect an epidemic or public health crisis of such magnitude that this vaccine needed to be brought to market.  Most HPV infections in young females are temporary and have little long-term significance. Seventy percent of infections are gone in 1 year and ninety percent in 2 years. When the infection persists — in 5% to 10% of infected women — there is a risk of developing precancerous lesions of the cervix, which can progress to invasive cervical cancer.⁷⁷  However, most HPV infections are cleared rapidly by the immune system and do not progress to cervical cancer. In addition, the process of transforming normal cervical cells into cancerous ones is slow.  This process usually takes 15–20 years, providing many opportunities for detection and treatment of the pre-cancerous lesion.⁷⁸ Progression to invasive cancer can be almost always prevented when standard prevention strategies are applied.  Although prior to approval, Gardasil was touted as a money saver because annual pap smears would no longer be necessary, in fact the need for annual pap smears remains the same – if you want to prevent cervical cancer, you must get a pap smear on a regular basis.

Tested in Fewer than 1,200 Girls Age 15 and Older

Gardasil’s clinical trials included fewer than 1,200 girls, all over the age of 15.⁷⁹ Yet the vaccine is extensively marketed to girls and boys under this age group.  How is this possible?  The FDA allowed Merck to “infer” efficacy for those under 15.  In fact, the clinical trial is being conducted right now in real life by vaccinating American children with no knowledge of the consequences. 

As of June 2011, there were 18,727 adverse events reported by parents whose children had received Gardasil, 346 of which were in boys.  The CDC reported 68 deaths, and there are some that say the number is closer to 102. While the package insert mentions the possibility of fainting following the vaccine, the adverse reactions reported after Gardasil injection go far beyond fainting, and include: Guillain-Barre Syndrome, paralysis, seizures, neurological damage, loss of control of muscles and movement, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease), warts all over face and body, and death.⁸⁰

The all too common scenario with Gardasil is that a young girl walks in as a vibrant, athletic child, and days or weeks later following the vaccine, is an invalid, barely able to walk.  Dr. Diane Harper, principal investigator for clinical vaccine trials for both Gardasil and Cervarix (the HPV vaccine made by GlaxoSmithKline) now publically questions the use of the vaccine she helped to get approved.  She has stated that the rate of serious adverse effects reported is 3.4 per 100,000 doses distributed, which is on par with the death rate from cervical cancer.  In other words – a girl is more likely to be injured from the vaccine than she is to die from cervical cancer!⁸¹

In September 2011, a news story came out that questioned the veracity of Merck’s safety claims about their vaccine:  contrary to the statement in the package insert, live HPV virus in the form of recombinant DNA was found in 13 samples of the vaccine.   An independent study commissioned by the mother of one of the injured girls, tested 13 vials of Gardasil from different countries and 4 different states in the US.  In 100% of the samples they found live HPV virus.⁸²  The presence of live vaccine could mean that Gardasil would be capable of spreading HPV instead of preventing it.    Merck had previously maintained that there could not be live, genetically modified HPV DNA in Gardasil, but in April it was discovered that they had quietly removed this claim from their package insert.  There has been no response from either Merck or the FDA about this revelation and the possibility that Gardasil might cause cancer.

Just last week on October 19^th, Judicial Watch released the news that they had received new documents from the FDA under the Freedom of Information Act documenting additional reports of adverse reactions to the Gardasil vaccine.  The new information details 26 previously unreported deaths -- in addition to the ones we already knew about -- between September 1, 2010 and September 15, 2011, as well as new incidents of seizures, paralysis, blindness, pancreatitis, speech problems, short term memory loss, and Guillain-Barre Syndrome.⁸³   Tom Fitton, President of Judicial Watch, commented that “these reports raise additional concerns about Gardasil’s questionable safety and provide ample reason to end the push to give it to young girls and boys … Federal, state and local officials need to stop promoting this vaccine for children.”⁸⁴

The advisability of getting this vaccine is perhaps best summed up by Dr. Russell Blaylock, board certified neurosurgeon, author, and lecturer:

The decision to vaccinate your daughter with Gardasil is one of the most critical you will ever make and it is irreversible.  If your daughter gets the vaccine and is then crippled and having seizures, and her life is ruined, it’s hard to turn that around. You cannot allow the doctor, who is only getting his information from the drug companies, to make this decision for you.⁸⁴ 

The Healthy Immune System – We Must Say No to Vaccines

It becomes apparent in a review of all of the childhood vaccines that not only are none of them actually necessary to maintain health, but each and every one of them presents risks that could destroy a life. Should we be willing to take those risks for such minimal benefits?  The pharmaceutical companies make billions of dollars on each of the required vaccines, not to mention annual flu shots, so the health of the individual stopped being a concern long ago – if it ever was. 

The assumption has always been that we can have both vaccinated immunity and a healthy immune system, but this isn’t proving to be true over time.  The evidence is overwhelming that by injecting our children and ourselves with these diverse bacteria, viruses, proteins and all the other never-mentioned substances that are in vaccines, we are in fact short-circuiting our natural immune system – making it worse instead of better.  We now have the sickest children ever in the history of the United States:  Asthma, allergies, diabetes, otitis, childhood cancer, learning disabilities, ADD, ADHD, autism, multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, fungal infections, lupus, depression, bipolar disease, obesity, the list goes on and on and on.  There aren’t enough special education classrooms in the US to handle all the children with special needs whose numbers have doubled in the past 20 years at precisely the same time the numbers of doses of required childhood vaccines have tripled. Coincidence?  Our children receive more vaccines than any other child population in the world.  None of this was true when the baby boomers were children.  What have we done? 

A healthy immune system gives us the ability to resist or subdue infection, and the foundation we develop during our first years of life is what will sustain us.  The outlook doesn’t look very bright for our children’s health.  It is time to seriously consider what we are injecting into our children and ourselves, and examine the consequences.  Isn’t it also time to reclaim our natural immunity and begin to say no to vaccines altogether? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Footnotes 

1.  “High Court Delivers Blow to Vaccine Litigation,” Wall Street Journal, February 22, 2011.
2. Tenpenny S, What CDC Documents and Science Reveal, DVD, 2003
3. Ibid
4. National Vaccine Information Center, “Hepatitis B Vaccine – The Untold Story,”nvic.org
5. Blaylock R, “The Truth Behind the Vaccine Cover-Up,” Medical Veritas 5 (2008) 1714-1726,
6. Petersen K, “Duration of Hepatitis B Immunity in Low Risk Children Receiving Hepatitis B Vaccinations from Birth”; Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases2004;23(7) 
7. Tenpenny S, What CDC Documents and Science Reveal, DVD, 2003
8. VAERS – Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System.
9. Mikaeloff  Y, “Hepatitis B Vaccine and the Risk of CNS Inflammatory Demyelination in Childhood,” Neurology, 2009 Mar 10; 72 (10); 873-80.
10. STATEMENT of the ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS & SURGEONS to the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources of the Committee on Government Reform U.S. House of Representatives RE: Submitted by Jane Orient, M.D. June 14, 1999. 
11. Hanchette J, “US does an about-face on hepatitis B vaccine:  Shot no longer recommended,” Gannett News Service 1999.
12. CDC, MMWR, “Newborn Hepatitis B Vaccine Coverage Among Children Born January 2003 – June 2005,” August 1, 2008
13. Marc Girard, “Report Criticizes French Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign,” Reuters Nov 20, 2004. 
14. Jane Doe v. Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, January 16, 2009.
15. Pozzilli P, et al. Hepatitis B vaccine associated with an increased type I diabetes in Italy. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Diabetes Association, San Antonio, TX, June 13, 2000.
16. Thigpen MC, “Bacterial Meningitis in the United States, 1998–2007,” NEJM, 2011; 364:2016 – 2025. 
17. Todar, Kenneth. "Haemophilus influenzae." Todar's Online Textbook of bacteriology. 2008. University of Wisconsin‐Madison Department of Bacteriology. 18 Jul 2008 http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/haemophilus.html
18. Rubach MP, “Increasing Incidence of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease in Adults, Utah, USA, CDC Volume 17, Number 9; September 2011.
19. VAERS – Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
20. “Sanofi’s ActHIB Vaccine Recalled in Japan,”Wall Street Journal, March 11, 2011
21. Wahlberg J, “Vaccinations May Induce Diabetes-related Autoantibodies in One-Year-Old Children,” Annals  of the NY Academy of Science, 2003 Nov; 1005;404-8.
22. Bookchin D, “The Virus and the Vaccine,” Atlantic Monthly, February 2000.
23. Mermel L, “Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis; New England Journal of Medicine 1993; 329, 810-811, September 9, 1993.
24. Wattigney WA,” Surveillance for poliovirus vaccine adverse events, 1991 to 1998: impact of a sequential vaccination schedule of inactivated poliovirus vaccine followed by oral poliovirus vaccine”. Pediatrics. 2001 May;107(5):E83.
25. Vilchez RA, “Simian Virus 40 in Human Cancers,” American Journal of Medicine; 2003 June 1;14(8); 675-84. 
26. Elgels EA, “Poliovirus Vaccination During Pregnancy, Maternal Seroconversion to Simian Virus 40, and Risk of Childhood Cancer,” American Journal of Epidemiology, 2004, March 2.
27. Miller NZ, “The Polio Vaccine:  A Critical Assessment of its Arcane History, Efficacy, and Long –term Health-related Consequences,” Medical Veritas I (2004), 239-251.
28. Frompovich CJ, “Belgian Court Rules Against Compulsory Vaccination,” April 28, 2011, vactruth.com.
29. Phillips A, “Dispelling Vaccination Myths: An Introduction to the Contradictions Between Medical Science and Immunization Policy, “  May 2001.
30. Bellman MH “A Developmental Test Based on the STYCR Sequence and in the National Childhood Encephalopathy Study”, Child  Care Health, Dec. 1985;11;309-23.
31. Fresno Bee, 1984.
32. GeierD, “The True Story of Pertussis Vaccination:  A Sordid Legacy?” Journal of the History of Medicine, Oxford University Press, Vol. 57; July 2002; 249-284.
33. GeierD, “The True Story of Pertussis Vaccination:  A Sordid Legacy?” Journal of the History of Medicine, Oxford University Press, Vol. 57; July 2002; 249-284. 
34. Institute of Medicine, “DTP Vaccines and Chronic Nervous System Dysfunction:  A New Analysis.”
35. 1994 Red Book Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 23^rd Edition published by the American Academy of Pediatrics, 1994, p. 371.
36. Fisher BL, “The Vaccine Injury Compensation Program:  A Failed  Experiment in Tort Reform?” Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines, November 18, 2008.
37. Sanofi Pasteur package inserts for Tripedia and Daptacel
38. Tenpenny S, What CDC Documents and Science Reveal, DVD, 2003
39. Ibid
40. Overturf GD, “American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Technical report: prevention of pneumococcal infections, including the use of pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines and antibiotic prophylaxis,” Pediatrics. 2000 Aug;106(2 Pt 1):367-76
41. VAERS– Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
42. Peters TR “Invasive Pneumococcal Disease:  The Target is Moving,” JAMA April 25, 2007 – Vol 297, No 16.
43. Ibid
44. VAERS– Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
45. “Sanofi’s ActHIB Vaccine Recalled in Japan,”Wall Street Journal, March 11, 2011
46. Vaccineinformation.org.  
47. Centers for Disease Control, Rotavirus Vaccine (RotaShield) and Intussusception.
48. Congressional Record, V. 149, Pt. 9, May 14, 2003 to May 21, 2003
49. Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, “Rotavirus vaccination and risk of intussusception;” February 25, 2011, GSK; Rotarix prescriber information; Merck;  Rotateq prescriber information. 
50. VAERS– Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
51. Victoria JG, “Viral Nucleic Acids in Live-Attenuated Vaccines:  Detection of Minority Variants and an Adventitious Virus,” Journal of Virology 2010 June; 84(12); 6033-6040.
52. Medscape Medical News, Medscape Today, May 7, 2010.
53. US National Library of Medicine; PubMed Health; “Hepatitis A;” November 23, 2010.
54. “Hepatitis A and Hepatitis A Vaccine;” National Vaccine Information Center.
55. CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly. 
56. Fiore AE “Prevention of Hepatitis A Through Active or Passive Immunization;” Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP); May 19, 2006;
57. Andrew Wakefield, address to the American Association of Physicians and Surgeons, September 30, 2011.
58. Andrew Wakefield, address to the American Association of Physicians and Surgeons, September 30, 2011. 
59. Andrew Wakefield, address to the American Association of Physicians and Surgeons, September 30, 2011. 
60. MMRII Package Insert
61. MMRII Package Insert
62. National Vaccine Information Center.
63. Chaves S, “Loss of Vaccine-Induced Immunity to Varicella over Time,” New England Journal of Medicine, 2007; 356; 1121-1129; March 15, 2007.
64. Civen R “The Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Herpes Zoster among Children and Adolescents after Implementation of Varicella Vaccination,” Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2009 Nov; 28(11); 954-9.
65. Illinois Department of Public Health – Healthbeat
66. “Meningococcal Disease and College Students,”MMRW June 30, 2000 / 49(RR07);11-20
67. Sanofi Pasteur Menactra package insert
68. Gondim F, “Meningococcal Meningitis,” Medscape Reference, October 17, 2011.
69. Cohn AC, “Changes in Neisseria Meningitidis Disease Epidemiology in the United States, 1998 – 2007:  Implications for Prevention of Meningococcal Disease,” Clinical Infectious Diseases 2010 January 15; 50(2); 184-91.
70. “Meningitis Vaccine Approved for Babies as Young as 9 Months Old,” Associated Press, April 25, 2011.
71. VAERS.
72. FDA and CDC Update Information on Menactra Meningococcal Vaccine and Guillain-Barre Syndrome October 20, 2006.
73. Package insert, Menomune
74. “Examining the FDA’s HPV Vaccine Records,” Judicial Watch Special Report, June 30, 2008.
75. Bevington C, “Researcher, Diane Harper, Blasts Gardasil HPV Marketing,” Interview, offtheradar.co.nz.
76. Cancer.org/cancer/cervical cancer/detailed guide
77. HPV Infection Facts – National Vaccine Information Center, nvic.org
78. Dunne et al. "Prevalence of HPV Infection Among Females in the United States, February 28, 2007, JAMA, . 297 (8):
79. Gardasil and HPV Infection - National Vaccine Information Center," nvic.org.
80. “Examining the FDA’s HPV Vaccine Records,” Judicial Watch Special Report, June 30, 2008.
81. Yerman M, “An Interview with Dr. Diane Harper, HPV Expert,” December 28, 2009.
82. SANE Vax Inc. Reports Human Papillomavirus DNA Contamination in Gardasil To FDA, Requests Public Safety Investigation, Business Wire. Sept. 6, 2011, 10:00 a.m. EDT
83. “Judicial Watch Uncovers FDA Gardasil Records Detailing 26 New Reported Deaths,” judicialwatch.org, October 19, 2011.
84. Ibid.
85. Dr. Russell Blaylock, http://vaccineliberationarmy.com/gardasil-virtually-100-cure-rate-of-cervical-cancer-in-usa-without-vaccine/